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Fifth alphabetic character of the Latin alphabet

E
E e
(See beneath)
Usage
Writing system	Latin script
Type	Alphabetic
Language of origin	Latin language
Phonetic usage	[e] [e̞] [ɛ] [ə] [ɪ~i] [ɘ] [ʲe] [h] (English variations)
Unicode codepoint	U+0045, U+0065
Alphabetical position	v
History
Development	Ε ε ϵ 𐌄 E eastward
Time menstruum	c. 700 BC to nowadays
Descendants	♯ Ə Æ Œ € ℮ Ǝ ∈ ℯ ℇ ℰ ℥ &
Sisters	Е Э Є Ё Ә Һ ה ه ܗ Ɛ Ե ե Է է Ը ը ࠄ 𐎅 Ⲉ
Variations	(See below)
Other
Other messages commonly used with	ee
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, run into Assistance:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

E, or e, is the 5th letter of the alphabet and the second vowel alphabetic character in the modern English alphabet and the ISO bones Latin alphabet. Its name in English language is e (pronounced ); plural ees,^[1] Es or East's.^[2] It is the most commonly used letter of the alphabet in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, High german, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish. ^{[3] [four] [v] [half dozen] [7]}

History

Egyptian hieroglyph qʼ	Proto-Sinaitic	Proto-Canaanite hillul	Phoenician He	Etruscan Eastward	Greek Epsilon	Latin/ Cyrillic E

The Latin letter 'East' differs piffling from its source, the Greek letter epsilon, 'Ε'. This in turn comes from the Semitic letter hê, which has been suggested to have started every bit a praying or calling human being figure (hillul 'jubilation'), and was virtually probable based on a similar Egyptian hieroglyph that indicated a dissimilar pronunciation. In Semitic, the letter of the alphabet represented /h/ (and /eastward/ in strange words); in Greek, hê became the letter epsilon, used to stand for /e/. The various forms of the Old Italic script and the Latin alphabet followed this usage.

Apply in writing systems

Pronunciation of the name of the alphabetic character ⟨e⟩ in European languages

English

Although Heart English spelling used ⟨due east⟩ to represent long and short /e/, the Great Vowel Shift inverse long /eː/ (as in 'me' or 'bee') to /iː/ while short /ɛ/ (as in 'met' or 'bed') remained a mid vowel. In other cases, the letter of the alphabet is silent, generally at the terminate of words like queue.

Other languages

In the orthography of many languages it represents either [e], [e̞], [ɛ], or some variation (such as a nasalized version) of these sounds, often with diacritics (as: ⟨eastward ê é è ë ē ĕ ě ẽ ė ẹ ę ẻ⟩) to bespeak contrasts. Less unremarkably, every bit in French, German, or Saanich, ⟨e⟩ represents a mid-cardinal vowel /ə/. Digraphs with ⟨e⟩ are common to indicate either diphthongs or monophthongs, such as ⟨ea⟩ or ⟨ee⟩ for /iː/ or /eɪ/ in English, ⟨ei⟩ for /aɪ/ in German, and ⟨european union⟩ for /ø/ in French or /ɔɪ/ in German.

Other systems

The International Phonetic Alphabet uses ⟨eastward⟩ for the close-mid front unrounded vowel or the mid front unrounded vowel.

Nearly common alphabetic character

'East' is the near common (or highest-frequency) alphabetic character in the English language alphabet (starting off the typographer's phrase ETAOIN SHRDLU) and several other European languages, which has implications in both cryptography and data compression. In the story "The Gold-Bug" by Edgar Allan Poe, a character figures out a random character code by remembering that the most used letter in English language is E. This makes information technology a hard and popular letter of the alphabet to use when writing lipograms. Ernest Vincent Wright's Gadsby (1939) is considered a "dreadful" novel, and supposedly "at least part of Wright's narrative bug were caused by language limitations imposed by the lack of E."^[eight] Both Georges Perec'southward novel A Void (La Disparition) (1969) and its English language translation by Gilbert Adair omit 'e' and are considered better works.^[9]

Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet

• E with diacritics: Ĕ ĕ Ḝ ḝ Ȇ ȇ Ê ê Ê̄ ê̄ Ê̌ ê̌ Ề ề Ế ế Ể ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ẻ ẻ Ḙ ḙ Ě ě Ɇ ɇ Ė ė Ė́ ė́ Ė̃ ė̃ Ẹ ẹ Ë ë È è È̩ è̩ Ȅ ȅ É é É̩ Ē ē Ḕ ḕ Ḗ ḗ Ẽ ẽ Ḛ ḛ Ę ę Ę́ ę́ Ę̃ ę̃ Ȩ ȩ E̩ e̩ ᶒ^[10]
• ⱸ : E with notch is used in the Swedish Dialect Alphabet^[11]
• Æ æ : Latin AE ligature
• Œ œ : Latin OE ligature
• The umlaut diacritic ¨ used above a vowel letter in German language and other languages to indicate a fronted or front vowel (this sign originated as a superscript e)
• Phonetic alphabet symbols related to Due east (the International Phonetic Alphabet simply uses lowercase, just uppercase forms are used in some other writing systems):
  • Ɛ ɛ : Latin letter epsilon / open e, which represents an open-mid front unrounded vowel in the IPA
  • ᶓ : Epsilon / open up e with retroflex hook^[x]
  • Ɜ ɜ : Latin alphabetic character reversed epsilon / open e, which represents an open-mid central unrounded vowel in the IPA
  • ɝ : Latin pocket-size letter of the alphabet reversed epsilon / open e with claw, which represents a rhotacized open up-mid cardinal vowel in the IPA
  • ᶔ : Reversed epsilon / open up e with retroflex hook^[x]
  • ᶟ : Modifier letter small reversed epsilon / open e^[10]
  • ɞ : Latin small letter of the alphabet closed reversed open up e, which represents an open-mid central rounded vowel in IPA (shown equally ʚ on the 1993 IPA chart)
  • Ə ə : Latin letter schwa, which represents a mid central vowel in the IPA
  • Ǝ ǝ : Latin letter of the alphabet turned e, which is used in the writing systems of some African languages
  • ɘ : Latin letter reversed e, which represents a close-mid key unrounded vowel in the IPA
• The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses diverse forms of east and epsilon / open eastward:^[12]
  • U+1D07 ᴇ LATIN LETTER SMALL Capital letter Eastward
  • U+1D08 ᴈ LATIN Minor Alphabetic character TURNED Open up Due east
  • U+1D31 ᴱ MODIFIER Alphabetic character Majuscule Eastward
  • U+1D32 ᴲ MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL REVERSED E
  • U+1D49 ᵉ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL E
  • U+1D4B ᵋ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Open E
  • U+1D4C ᵌ MODIFIER Alphabetic character SMALL TURNED Open E
  • U+2C7B ⱻ LATIN Letter of the alphabet SMALL Upper-case letter TURNED Eastward ^[13]
• _e : Subscript small east is used in Indo-European studies^[xiv]
• Teuthonista phonetic transcription system symbols related to E:^[15]
  • U+AB32 ꬲ LATIN Small LETTER BLACKLETTER E
  • U+AB33 ꬳ LATIN SMALL Letter of the alphabet BARRED Eastward
  • U+AB34 ꬴ LATIN Small-scale LETTER E WITH FLOURISH

Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets

• 𐤄 : Semitic letter He (letter), from which the following symbols originally derive
  • Ε ε : Greek letter Epsilon, from which the following symbols originally derive
    • Е е : Cyrillic letter Ye
    • Є є : Ukrainian Ye
    • Э э : Cyrillic letter Due east
    • Ⲉ ⲉ : Coptic letter Ei
    • 𐌄 : Old Italic E, which is the ancestor of modernistic Latin East
      • ᛖ : Runic letter Ehwaz, which is possibly a descendant of Old Italic Due east
    • 𐌴 : Gothic alphabetic character eyz

Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations

• € : Euro sign.
• ℮ : Estimated sign (used on prepackaged goods for sale within the European Matrimony).
• e : the symbol for the elementary accuse (the electric accuse carried by a single proton)
• ∃ : existential quantifier in predicate logic. Information technology is read "there exists ... such that".
• ∈ : the symbol for set membership in gear up theory.
• 𝑒 : the base of operations of the natural logarithm.

Code points

Character information

Preview	E		e
Unicode proper noun	LATIN Capital letter LETTER E		LATIN SMALL LETTER E
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	69	U+0045	101	U+0065
UTF-8	69	45	101	65
Numeric character reference	E	E	e	e
EBCDIC family unit	197	C5	133	85
ASCII i	69	45	101	65

¹ Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.

Other representations

In British Sign Language (BSL), the letter 'e' is signed past extending the alphabetize finger of the right hand touching the tip of index on the left manus, with all fingers of left hand open up.

Utilise equally a number

In the hexadecimal (base of operations 16) numbering organisation, E is a number that corresponds to the number 14 in decimal (base 10) counting.

References

1. ^ "E" a alphabetic character Merriam-Webster's Third New International Lexicon of the English language Linguistic communication Unabridged (1993). Ees is the plural of the name of the letter; the plural of the alphabetic character itself is rendered E'southward, Esouthward, east'due south, or es.
2. ^ "E". Oxford Lexicon of English (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2010. ISBN9780199571123. noun (plural Es or Due east's)
3. ^ Kelk, Brian. "Alphabetic character frequencies". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2022-02-02 .
4. ^ Lewand, Robert. "Relative Frequencies of Letters in General English Plain text". Cryptographical Mathematics. Central College. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
5. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in Castilian". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
6. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in French". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
7. ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in German". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
8. ^ Ross Eckler, Making the Alphabet Dance: Recreational Give-and-take Play. New York: St. Martin's Press (1996): 3
9. ^ Eckler (1996): 3. Perec's novel "was and then well written that at least some reviewers never realized the being of a letter constraint."
10. ^ ^{a b c d} Constable, Peter (2004-04-xix). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-xi. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
11. ^ Lemonen, Therese; Ruppel, Klaas; Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Sandström, Caroline (2006-01-26). "L2/06-036: Proposal to encode characters for Ordbok över Finlands svenska folkmål in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
12. ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-19. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
13. ^ Ruppel, Klaas; Rueter, Jack; Kolehmainen, Erkki I. (2006-04-07). "L2/06-215: Proposal for Encoding 3 Additional Characters of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
14. ^ Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2004-06-07). "L2/04-191: Proposal to encode six Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-ten-xi. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
15. ^ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-ten-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .

External links

lopezgribetwouter48.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E

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